Digital Access Divide :: essays papers

Digital Access Divide Technology is a vital part of education and the workforce. The digital divide is putting some students at riskiness for lacking vital vocational and educational skills. The National Telecommunications and Information Administration states that currently about half of Americans atomic number 18 online (ClickZ, 2002). According to a report from the advanced York Times (2003), United States President, George W. Bush seemed to be satisfied with this number. He tried to eliminate the engineering access programs that were initiated in the Clinton Administration for the purpose of bridging the digital divide. His cuts eliminated everyplace 50 million dollars. Fortunately, as a result of several passionate coalitions, Congress has given $50 million back to the funds (Feeder, 2003). However, there is stillness a digital divide, and it is putting students at risk. According to the educational testing service, which is the worlds largest private educational measure ment organization and a drawing card in educational research (Landgraf, Statistics Section, para. 5) 49 percent of Caucasian children use the Internet at home, compared to only 29 percent of African-American children, and 33 percent of Hispanic children, children from high-income families are more than twice as likely to have home Internet access (66%) than children from low-income households (29%) and despite strong growth in cultivate access from 2000 to 2002 for low-income children (20 to 32 percent), their current school use still significantly lags behind high-income children (47 percent) (Landgraf, Statistics Section, para. 5). The fact that so many children are not accessing technology is not just a present problem for them, it is creating future problems by putting them at risk for lacking vital educational and vocational skills.Consequences of the Divide grandeur of computer technology in Higher EducationDigital information technologies such as the use of computers and the internet are an integral part of higher(prenominal) education. Jane Does story located at the beginning of this report serves as an example of this. Janes problem is not biology the problem is her ignorance in digital information and instructional technologies. This is not her fault the area she came from has been affected by the digital divide. In college, students need to have computer literacy and digital technology knowledge. If a student, such as Jane, comes from an ill-equipped school district or low income home, where they can not afford a computer or are ignorant about digital technologies, these students are at an incredible disadvantage.

Economic Analysis of The U.S. 2001-2003 Essay -- essays research paper

Economic Analysis of The U.S. 2001-2003Economics have many indicators to describe how it runs. The indicators can show if the economy has improved or declined. The economic indicators that will be focused on in this analysis of the unify States economy from 2001 2003 will be the consumer set index, the importees and exports, the unemployment rate, and finally the gross municipal overlap. Now while most may know the meanings of the previously stated indicators, for those who dont, they remain useless unless specify. To begin with, these indicators will have to be specify in full to aid in understanding the analysis in more detail. It will be after that that the actual analysis of the economy of the United States from 2001 2003 will begin.The first indicator to be discussed will be the consumer price index. The consumer price index can be described as a price index that measures the cost of a fixed basket of goods chosen to represent the consumption pattern of individuals . Thi s is mainly used by the government and private sphere of influence to measure the changes of the prices that consumers deal with . Also the reference to basket refers to a collection of items representing a purchasing pattern of a typical consumer. The consumer price index has many components itself such as medical, transportation, household services, rent, durables, non-durables, apparels, food and beverage, and other services . This is relevant to show how much prices have increased from a base year .Imports and exports believe heavily on how well an economy could be. Imports are defined as a good produced in a foreign country and purchased by residents of the legal residence country . For example an import would be as if in the United States were to get some kind of certain product from another country. Exports are defined as a good produced in the home country and sold in another country . An example of this is if the United States were to sell a product to another country. I deally speaking, imports should be less then total exports. If the total exports are more then the total imports, that means more money is world received in the homeland, if there is more importing than exporting, that means that the country will be not be gaining from the exports. The United States has a poor import to export rati... ...r will again be on the up and up, with a 3.3% in gross domestic product, showing that 2003 was going to be a lordly year . The third quarter was at an astounding 8.2% showing a massive increase from the previous quarters . 2003 would be a year of higher(prenominal) production in fact it was the highest producing year of the three analyzed.In conclusion, looking at these indicators, there has been am explanation of home the economy was in the long time 2001-2003 in the United States. Discussed were the consumer price index, the imports and exports, the unemployment rate, and finally the gross domestic product. By seeing how these all went it will be open for people to take the abandoned data analyzed in this paper and come up with their own interpretation of the data. This is an analysis of the United States economy for the years 2001-2003.Works Cited1.http//money.cnn.com/2003/11/25/news/economy/gdp/?cnn=yes 2.http//www.bls.gov/ 3.http//www.ita.doc.gov/td/industry/otea/usfth/tabcon.html 4.OSullivan, Arthur and Sheffrin, Steven M. Economics Principles and Tools. Third Edition. Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle, New Jersey. 2003.

A Tale Of Two Cites :: essays research papers

A Tale Of Two CitiesA Tale of Two CitiesThroughout the invention A Tale of Two Cities, Charles daimon creates suspense and mystery to try to keep his readers interested. This technique might have worked for 19th vitamin C people with nought better to read, save it doesnt stack up nowadays. You can paint this anyway you want but what it all comes down to is that no 20th century person with any kind of attention span wants to read a 400 page book with one dimensional characters and an unbelievable storyline. But, Dickenss original audience couldnt get enough of the novels intricate plot filled with suspense and mystery. To get the novel this suspense and mystery, Dickenss divides his story into episodes, allows his characters to be general, and uses the theme of doubles.The most obviously way that Dickenss creates suspense is through his use of cliffhanger-like episodes. I cant exactly call it clever, but Dickenss ends a chapter with unanswered questions and loose ends. This litt le scheme might work for television shows in which the looker has a whole week between episodes to think near possible outcomes, but it doesnt have the same effect when it only takes half of a second to turn the page and read further.Dickens tries to create mystery by having his characters as broad as possible so that readers can earn up their own opinions and possibilities. Almost all of Dickenss characters are basically levelheaded or basically evil. We are so-called to care about the "good" characters but theyre so boring that their "goodness" loses its charm. For example, Lucie and Charles. Lucie is describes as being basically perfect in every way. Shes young, wholesome, and beautiful, of course. thithers no such thing as a good woman thatwasnt beautiful in fiction. Charles is a rich aristocrat, and were supposed to believe that hes good and really noble because he didnt want to kill people and he married the other "good" character. Please. Do you t hink that Charles would have given Lucie a chance is she looked like the rest of us even though she was so good-hearted? Of course not, but thats what we are supposed to believe. Lucie and Charles are so stereotyped and boring that Dickenss should have named them "Snore" and "Snooze." Dickenss under genuine characters lets readers wonder about what they are really like and what theyll do next.

Christopher Columbus Essay example -- History

Christopher capital of Ohio is credited as the audacious voyager who challenged modern thinking and found the land now known as the Americas. capital of Ohio not alone discovered new lands, but also opened trade with natives and brought substantial wealth and glory to the major European powers. In addition, his ventures not only enabled the spread of the gospel to pagan peoples, but also set the stage for the emergence of the United States of America. Without Christopher Columbus the United States would not have been a crack up state for over 500 years or more or not at all. However, despite all that Columbus did, people still perish to recognize the tribulations he undertook before he set off in his scratch ship. The public is unable to comprehend, despite years of education, the internal struggles and the ridicule Columbus was forced to endure for just believing in what he thought was correct (Philips 13). His courage in the face of this ridicule is what makes Columbus a case hero in that age as well as now. Christopher Columbus acts of perseverance, his moral courage, and his adventurous spirit continue to inspire the people of today. Through this intercourse, Christopher Columbus work has not ended, for it is everlasting as it persists to imbue the people of today with the ability to succeed in the face of an unknown future. Christopher Columbus perseverance and effort have long been a trait of the philosophy of modern thinking. Columbus displayed high acts of persistence as he rode the waves of uncertainty to the land of success. When Columbus want audience with King of Portugal in 1485, he was humiliatingly denied funding for his proposed idea to sail west to get to India. If Columbus had given up at this first sign of failure... ...make our decisions accordingly. Works Cited123Holiday. Christopher Columbus Biography. Columbus Day. Microsoft Encarta, 2 May 2003. Web. 27 Nov. 2010 http//columbusday.123holiday.net/christopher_columbus.html.Cohen, J. M. (1969) The Four Voyages of Christopher Columbus Being His Own Log-Book, Letters and Dispatches with Connecting Narrative Drawn from the animateness of the Admiral by His Son Hernando Colon and Others. London UK Penguin Classics.Davidson, Miles H. (1997) Columbus Then and Now A Life Reexamined, Norman and London, University of Oklahoma Press.Khurana, Simran. Quotations Hope. Quotes Quotations. 2001. Web. 27 Nov. 2010. .Phillips, W. D. and C. R. Phillips (1992) The Worlds of Christopher Columbus. Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press.

The Uncompromising Code of Bartleby the Scrivener Essay -- Bartleby Sc

The Uncompromising Code of Bartleby the Scrivener There ar certain tender codes that we are expected to follow. They are too numerous and obscure to know-but for the most part, they dont need to be known. The unspoken, unwritten set of rules we are obligated to live by are subtly imbued in us from birth. When we live outside those boundaries and follow our own desires, we are walking on thin ice. An eccentric choice in wardrobe or queer habits can make the difference between being considered an individual who thinks outside of the box, or just a plain old lunatic. When someone refuses to adhere to our social codes, they become suspect. But what drives them, enables them to refuse in the first place? Melville seemed to have a good idea of what it feels like to be in such a position. The American Tradition in Literature discusses how like Bartleby, Melville was a scrivener, or writer. Melville also refused to copy out the ideas of others, or even his own, in response to prevale nt demand. He too preferred to withdraw(Perkins 1564). So far it sounds like Melville was almost certainly creating something out of himself. Additionally, Melville distrusted the economic compulsion of society he resented the financial service of his wifes father(1564). This story comes from an artist reliant on only himself, true to his own nature. Bartleby is merely an exaggeration of this individual way of thinking. Melville presents a distorted construe of independence from civil constraint, one that goes so far that it results in a sort of social anarchy. But considering the scriveners background, it isnt hard to understand how he came to be such a social miscreant. Bartleby comes to his employer from a dead l... ...o the boss every once in a while-or to our spouse, our family, people on the street. No, you cant cut into my lane. No, you cant check out before of me even though youve only got the one can of beans. No, you cant change the channel, or ask me to pick the chi ldren up from practice. How easy to give up. How easy to let the responsibilities rest period with another. We already know what rewards the other men have received for their admirable and semi-socially acceptable behavior. Neurosis, alcoholism, ulcers, and envy. All things considered, it seems that Bartleby is the most sound of them all. Works Cited Perkins, Barbara, and George Perkins, ed. The American Tradition in Literature. BostonMcGraw-Hill College, 1999. Perry, Dennis R. Ah, humanity Compulsion Neurosis in Melvilles Bartleby. Studies in Short Fiction 24.4 (1987) 407-415.

Gay Olympics :: essays research papers

I had always enjoyed the summer Olympics and the way the athletes strive to be their best, but after watching the winter Olympics I couldnt help but ask, argon these really sports. I view as no doubt that the races are sport. There is a definite outcome and no dispute oer who won. Then you have these other sports like figure skating and ice dancing. somehow I cannot take any point of view that would support these two as sports. First you have figure skating that requires agility, endurance, stamina, and coordination yet the winner is stringently based on the opinion of another. How is that a sport? Then you have ice dancing common ice dancing Through all the rejects that couldnt make the figure skating squad, lower expectations, and you know what, just call them ice fairies. That is really what it is. They might as well play Fantasia over and over then judge how well the different animals attempt their aerials. After watching the Apolo Ohno get ripped off in the speed skating, I was treated to the wonderful demesne of tippy toeing on ice. What kind of transition was that?Then you have curling, an event that could only have come from the British Isles home of haggis, minced meat pie, and other culinary delights. How does a sport like this even get started? Curling is a combination of shuffle board and sweeping. This is a new addition to the Olympics, one that could have been done without. Tug of War used to be on the program, why didnt they keep that at least it has a definite outcome.If you havent noticed by now, I have ended every paragraph with a question because I really have one question on my mind, are the winter Olympics geared towards women. I would hope that no man alive is sitting at home in anticipation of the ice dancers next amazing move. During highlights of figure skating and ice dancing, I look in the audience in amazement of how many proud fathers there are in the audience. I say fathers because that is the only guy I could ever forgive f or actually putting any interest into these sports. This is a shallow view on sports but I have always thought that sports should be determined by a definite outcome, not anothers opinion.

Gay Olympics :: essays research papers

I had always enjoyed the summer Olympics and the way the athletes strive to be their best, but after watching the winter Olympics I couldnt help but ask, are these really sports. I hand over no doubt that the races are sport. There is a definite outcome and no feud over who won. because you have these other sports like figure skating and ice dancing. Somehow I cannot take any point of view that would co-occurrence these two as sports. First you have figure skating that requires agility, endurance, stamina, and coordination yet the winner is purely based on the opinion of another. How is that a sport? Then you have ice dancing common ice dancing Through all the rejects that couldnt make the figure skating squad, lower expectations, and you know what, solely call them ice fairies. That is really what it is. They might as well play Fantasia over and over then judge how well the different animals attempt their aerials. afterward watching the Apolo Ohno get ripped off in the speed skating, I was treated to the wonderful world of tippy toeing on ice. What kind of transition was that?Then you have curling, an event that could only have come from the British Isles home of haggis, minced meat pie, and other culinary delights. How does a sport like this even get started? curl is a combination of shuffle board and sweeping. This is a new addition to the Olympics, one that could have been done without. Tug of War used to be on the program, why didnt they keep that at least it has a definite outcome.If you havent noticed by now, I have ended both paragraph with a question because I really have one question on my mind, are the winter Olympics geared towards women. I would hope that no man alive is sitting at home in anticipation of the ice dancers next amazing move. During highlights of figure skating and ice dancing, I behavior in the audience in amazement of how many proud fathers there are in the audience. I say fathers because that is the only guy I could eve r forgive for actually putting any interest into these sports. This is a shallow view on sports but I have always thought that sports should be determined by a definite outcome, not anothers opinion.

Forensics 1.06 Critical Thinking

Review QuestionsWhat is rhetorical science? rhetorical science is the application of science to the criminal justice system.What collar tasks or responsibilities does a forensic scientist have? A forensic scientist can collect and analyze data from crime exposures, and train other law enforcement individuals. Forensic scientists can work in the lab, go out and collect data, or teach at colleges and universities.What criteria might be used to establish someone as an expert witness? Courts take in the educational degrees that the person has, any publications that they may have, how many years that they have been involved in their field, and any original organizations that the person is a member of.What are two of the ways that a forensic pathologist might use to help determine the time of shoemakers last? A forensic pathologist can use rigor mortis and liver mortis to figure out time of death.What does a forensic anthropologist do? A forensic anthropologist specializes in identif ying and examining skeletons and skeletal remains.Critical Thinking Questions1) Why do you animadvert it is so important to use proper methods when collecting evidence from a crime scene? It is important to use proper methods when collecting evidence so that you can be able to analyze it correctly and get the correct information. If you do non use proper methods and collect the wrong information, then even the most experienced forensic scientist can non analyze it and the criminal will get away, and you will never know the truth of what happened.2) Why do you recollect forensic science has been increasingly used by the criminal justice system? I compute that forensic science has been increasingly used by the criminal justice system because it is science, which is easier to analyze and to understand incisively why and how things happened. It also makes it easier because youre not just listening to two sides of the story, or even one side of the story, and deciding from that. Ins tead, youre using actual evidence to find out exactly what happened, which is what makes forensic science so effective, especially when used by the criminal justice system.3) Which of the forensic scientists responsibilities do you think would be the most gainsay? Why? I think that the most difficult responsibility of a forensic scientist is being an expert witness. I think that it would be challenging because youre testifying in a very important court case, youre under pressure, and you cannot lie, leave out details, or stretch the truth. Whatever you say affects whether or not the criminal in the case is found guilty or walks free, which can be very stressful to think about.4) Which of the forensic scientists responsibilities do you think would be the most interesting to you? Why? I think that the most interesting responsibility of a forensic scientist would be analyzing the data. I would always exigency to be the one to piece together a puzzle, and to solve a crime to figure ou t exactly what happened in a case. I think that it would be challenging, but it would also be interesting to join in on a case and examine and analyze the data to figure assorted things out.5) Which of the specialty areas do you think you would most like to work in? Why? I would be more interested in participating and workings in forensic pathology. I would really enjoy doing autopsies and finding out time of death and the cause of death of people. I would enjoy working with alliance and tissue samples, and I would feel very accomplished when I finally solved a mystery.

UK Competitiveness

More than 200 projects in rail, road, local transport, flood defenses, broadband, airport infrastructure and idle management are due to start construction in 2014 to 2015 alone. This has been undertaken to improve UK businesses ability to transport goods, to communicate and make the UK a more than than attractive gear up to even out up a business or invest. UK companies whitethorn gain advantages due to these improvements in infrastructure that improve their competitiveness. On the another(prenominal) hand, investment in infrastructure is not cheap, huge sums of money has been dedicated to development projects and this money could have been spent elsewhere.The Investment In Infrastructure Is a good Idea, as It sponsors I-J firms become more efficient and can reduce costs, making them more nominative Increasing access to finance Is another measure that has been undertaken via the creation of the supporting for lending scheme and the El ban business bank. The increased access t o capital for business whitethorn lead to increased investment in improving technology, becoming more productive or growing in size. These can only help UK companies become more competitive on global markets and help increase their exports.This does encourage investment by businesses on growing and becoming more competitive but it also is not a guarantee that they exit do so. Businesses may not see it as advantageous to invest at that time and may hold on to their money, having no positive set up on UK competitiveness. In addition an increased tax allowance leads to decreased tax receipts which reduces the governments income whilst is already running at a deficit and may mean it cannot spend money elsewhere. The government is undergoing the process of cutting corporation tax from 23% to 20% by 2015.This will make the UK a more attractive place to set up a business and encourages Investment Into the country. However It does mean that the UK will see reduced tax receipts which may reduce public pending as less money Is available and this will have a negative launch on competitiveness. Also, companies may sink not to invest money saved from business regulation involves removing two regulations whenever one new one is created and this helps business to develop and grow as at that place are fewer barriers to pass through to get things done.Also there is no cost to this policy which means that no money is taken away from other sectors or areas of spending. A negative effect of the policy is that too much deregulation could have severe negative effects on the economy, as seen by the crisis of 2008. Steps to improve the education system have begun via changes to the curriculum to promote mathematics and improve English skills, as well as improving educate and increasing both the quality and the number of apprenticeships available to people in the I-J.These steps can help to improve competitiveness as if your workforce is more skilled then they will generally s ee a rise in productivity an increased likelihood of inward investment leading to high efficiency. Business may develop new technology making them more competitive as result as a better educated workforce. However, there is a time lag, these measures ill take years to have an effect and may not be so desperately required in the future.Also the effect of labor costs may still mean the business invest or set up elsewhere, as cost overrides skill and this will not improve competitiveness. In conclusion, every measure has its downfalls but it is the way they are implemented and how they are regulated that decides their effectiveness. For example, investment in infrastructure cannot be set too high so that it drags from other areas and taxes should be cut to encourage investment and promote business growth but cut to a take aim that is beneficial for both business and the economy as a whole.

How Does Wilfred Owen Provoke Sympathy for His Protagonist in ‘Disabled Essay

Owen provokes sympathy for his main character throughout the book and in every stanza. In the first step stanza Owen connects the reader with the main character, by making the reader scent sorry for him. The boy feels as though he is waiting for dark, this makes the reader feel mercy on the boy, as he knows he is waiting to die. By connecting the reader with the takeoff rocket they feel more sympathy for him and they feel upset when he feels lonely(a) and isolated. Voices of play and pleasure, tells the reader that the boys in the park are happy and the boy in the wheeled chair probably used to be like that, and now he is in a wheeled chair he wholeow never be able to get his youth back. This makes the reader feel sympathy as the main character will never be able to be a child again and experience his youth. Owen shows the reader that sleep had mothered them from him, he said this to show the reader that he is some sort of monster and children need to be saved from him. This provokes sympathy in the protagonist because he is unable to be seen normally by people now he is in a wheeled chair.In the second stanza sympathy is created in a different way to the first, in the second stanza, Owen tells the reader about what the boy in the wheeled chair misses. The boy misses girls, he think he will never feel love or intimacy again, never feel again how slim girls waists are, Owen uses never as a hyperbole to exaggerate the boys regret about never being able to be with a girl. The boy feels all the girls glanced lovelier, as he cant have any of the girls any longer he feels as though they are all beautiful and he wants to be with all of them. All of them touch him like some queer disease, Owen uses all of them, a hyperbole, is used to show that the soldier feels alienated from everyone, specifically women, who his disability repels. This makes the reader feel sorry for him because he will never be hardened normally and people dont really want to touch him es pecially girls, as they are the ones he misses the most.The third stanza creates sympathy by utilise mainly the boys youth and innocence. Owen does this so the reader feels connected with the boy people feel more sympathy for someone who lives a inadequate life than for someone who dies living a full life. Owen says that last year he was younger than his youth, but now he is old, this shows sympathy for the boy as he lost his youth and life in one year. The reader feels sorry for the boy also as hes lost his intensity very far from here, the lack of detail about his location shows the reader that the boy may not have known where he was.Poured it down shell-holes process the veins ran dry, Owen uses this metaphor to convey the boy pouring his life a way and he uses imagery so the reader can picture in their heads what he must have gone through and feel pity towards him. When Owen says that one time he liked a blood smear down his leg, and he was carried shoulder high, the boy use d to like being a hero and impressing people such as his teammates and girls. This makes the reader feel sorry for the boy as no-one thinks he is a hero anymore and that was probably the reason he joined, to become a hero. Owen says that the boy had drunk a peg, and thought hed better join, which provokes sympathy by showing the reader he only joined due to of peer pressure and he probably felt if he hadnt joined he would be letting the football team down.Owen provokes sympathy in the fourth stanza by portraying to the reader that it was not the protagonists fault that he has the injuries. Owen firstly blames women for it, he says the boy joined the army to please his million, Owen uses Meg to be symbolic of all women as Meg was a common name in those times. The fact that he joined for a girl makes the reader feel sorry fort the boy because he did not know what he was getting into and he was just trying to be a hero to impress girls, but by the end girls didnt even notice him. Owen shows anger towards women and says to please the giddy jilts, which was very insulting to women and he basically said they are just there to be impress by men.

Formal Lab Report

Douglas Mitchell Biology 111 Laboratory Report 18 FEB 2013 The Scientific Method Introduction In liveness, twain human and animal, response time can mean the variety between life and death. Reaction time is defined as the time it takes to react to a stimuli (Norman, 2011). In humans, sink dominance (left-handed vs. right-handed) can further impact this reply time. In this case a simple study of reaction time and hand dominance is being used to illustrate the practical application of the scientific method in the laboratory. ObservationHuman reaction times vary person to person and oftentimes increase with age. This change in reaction time can have little impact on a persons daily life, such as when answering a ringing telephone. But this change can also have a dramatic impact when driving, working in unreliable environments, and negotiating busy streets and sidewalks. Literature Search Reaction time has been used as a psychological test since the mid-19th century (Deary, 1). Several studies have been conducted dealing with reaction time and the factors that can affect it.In their study titled Validation of reaction time as a measure of cognitive function and quality of life in healthy routs and patients, Jakobsen, Sorensen, et al studied and reported findings regarding diminished reaction times and the effect that poor health had on those times. Findings were determinate that the healthier the individual, the go their responses. Hypothesis Individuals reaction time with their dominant hand is faster than those with their non-dominant hand. Conversely, there may be no statistically valid difference in the reaction time from one hand to the other. ExperimentTo test the variance in reaction time from dominant hand to non-dominant hand we set up an experiment using a simple reaction time test found in the free marketplace on an Android telephone. This application require the user to touch one of four colored stars that match the color of an identified star in the upper right hand corner. The subject was asked to duplicate this response 20 times and the total time was scored as the reaction time. If a subject made an incorrect touch then their time would report until the correctly touched 20 stars. The subject would then be ask to repeat this test with their non-dominant hand.To standardize the testing instructions were provided by my team brace and it was decided that the subject would place the device on a flat surface in front of them and use the index finger on start their dominant hand and then their non-dominant hand. Data was collected for 30 random subjects and analysis performed. Data Analysis Data collected from the 30 random subjects was scuttlebutt and the following summary statistics were produced. Dominant Hand Mean Reaction conviction (D) 18. 865 sec. Median Reaction Time (D) 17. 264 sec. Variance (D) 28. 235 sec. Standard Deviation (D) 5. 314 sec. Non-dominant HandMean Reaction Time (N) 17. 734 sec. Median Reaction Time (N) 16. 412 sec. Variance (N) 16. 130 sec. Standard Deviation (N) 4. 016 sec. The graphs below illustrate the mean for each hand as well as error with in plus or minus one standard deviation. Conclusion After conducting this experiment and reviewing the data, a few things became clear. One is that age of the subject had a significant impact on results with both hands. This is presumed to be the result of the interaction with a new technology. Younger subjects seemed to grasp the concept of what they were expected to do more quickly.Second, in this case, familiarity did not breed contempt, but it did breed faster reaction times. As subjects became more comfortable with the application they were using, their response times decreased. The by and by of these two factors had a more global effect on our outcomes, thus disproving our hypothesis in this case. I do not believe these results to be conclusive or authoritative and simply put, more research i s needed. References Deary, I. J. , Liewald, D. & Nissan, J. (2011) A free, easy-to-use, computer-based simple and four-choice reaction time programme The dearly-liewald reaction time task.Behavior Research Methods (Online), 43(1), 258-268. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/docview/920259801? accountid=39001 Jakobsen, L. H. , Sorensen, J. M. , Rask, I. K. , Jensen, B. S. , & Kondrup, J. (2011). Validation of reaction time as a measure of cognitive function and quality of life in healthy subjects and patients. Nutrition, 27(5), 561-570. Doi http//dx. doi. org/10. 1016/j. nut. 2010. 08. 003 Norman, Celia (2011). General Biology 111 Laboratory Manual. Denver, CO Department of Biology, Arapahoe Community College.

Book Review: International Conflict Resolution Essay

The first chapter of the word of honor talks about the peace-making and de-escalation strategies. It discusses the theoretical approaches of statism, pluralism and populism in reference to the multinational conflict. The author of the account book convinces the reader that utile conflict resolution should make use of convincing power and positive sanctions. Therefore, he argues that win-win solutions are achiev fitting in multinational conflict. In the second chapter the relation of US and USSR and cases of Middle East are used to observe the de-escalation efforts.The third chapter takes the example of US-USSR and Arab-Israel de-escalation activities to present some chronologies. quaternary de-escalation patterns are identified using these chronologies frequency of initiatives, multiple de-escalation initiatives, and activity level of activity among conflicting countries. In chapter four the author explains the reasons of de-escalation activities and its timings. Factors such a s national situation, planetary perspective, and associations between conflicting parties are the presented in this chapter. (Conflict question Consortium Staff, 2010)Chapter five explains the process of initiating the process of negotiation. The author explores different initiatives and tells which ones are more effective for negotiations. The chapter brings into light the factors resulting in negotiations between conflicting parties. Chapter six explores the negotiation process completely. Kriesberg presents the example of US-USSR and Arab-Israel to analyze different negotiated agreements (Mitchell, 1996). Taking into account these examples, the author creates guidelines for effective negotiations. In chapter seven the author describes the consequences of negotiations.It identifies the effective negotiations leading to farsighted-term de-escalation efforts. Chapter eights draws on the conclusion of peace making efforts. With the help of his findings, he concludes the way in wh ich some countries mend their relations and others still remain conflicted. The last chapter analyzes the impacts of conflicts between nations. The author explains the cost that the countries perk up to bear and presents policies. In the end, the author comes up with the relationship between peace-making and de-escalation (Conflict Research Consortium Staff, 2010).This book is a comprehensive study of internationalistic conflict de-escalation process. With the use of chronologies and tables, the author makes the study more meaningful and easy to understand. It contributes to the study of international relations by presenting a conflict resolution perspective. The book addresses the issue which needs future consideration. Kriesbergs work lacks theoretical implication but it is practical. international conflict resolution is pioneered in this work and brought it into consideration. The author presents his idea in a persuasive way and explains easily why some inflicts are protracte d.The book provides some useful concepts to resolve conflicts and peace-making policies (Simon, 1994). However, book limits itself in providing propositions about the irreversible and complex processes. It raises some important issues like what are the conditions that result in de-escalation initiatives? In what conditions these initiatives leads to negotiations? And finally, how these negotiations results in agreements? The author is successfully able to answer these questions in an effective way (Holsti, 1993). Strengths and Weaknesses of the Book The book is a well organized and well-written by the author.It provides profound arrest of the arguments presented by the author. The unique feature of this book is that the author is able to identify the impacts of agreements. He is able to put forward the questions that are critical to international relations and are helpful in peace-making agreements. However, the methodology adopted in evaluating these questions is off-putting but comes up with some effective conclusions and future policies. Moreover, Kriesberg is not able to justify the causes of failed negotiations and some successful initiatives (Holsti, 1993).Hence, the book faces some validity issues. The analysis throughout the book is enriched by historical references and material representing opportunities and constraints, both in international and domestic context. The author emphasizes that good will and the positive attitude of the people is critical to negotiations. It encourages them and motivates them to work in the right direction and reaching some agreements. Therefore, the book is less controversial and is able to present a broader and positive view of the author.Another advantage of this book is that it provides references according to the context that helps in the better understanding of the arguments and provides the author an easy way to justify his reasoning. The historical material enhances the validity of the content presented in the b ook. The approach adopted by the author is to provide long lasting solutions to the problems, which is a more practical approach. Kriesberg in this book is able to provide approaches that are complete in nature as many authors have been providing approaches that do contribute a lot but are incomplete.Kriesberg has clearly presented the strengths and weaknesses of the concepts and approaches that he has used in the book. However, due to the use of just two major conflicts, the issue of comparison arises. The drawback of the book is that the language used in the book is difficult to understand by the reader, however, the content of the book is highly informative, providing insight into the subject. By dividing the book into number of chapters, the book is presented in a proper flow that makes the understanding much easier.

Over 50% of the world lives in poverty, isn’t this devastating?

There argon many meanings to the word poverty. Many of us relate it to the thought of homeless lot living on streets or to people living in harsh conditions without m onenessy of food. We all have our own opinions, but what really is poverty? Is it what the majority of us think of? Or is it just simply the state of being poor?The word poverty has many meanings and definitions. Many believe that this word can mean not having an development or living in the state of hunger or abuse or living without shelter, or even just being lonely. Some of the reasons for roughlyone to be living in the state of poverty could link to war famine or even because parents or members of family have passed away. Statistics clearly prove that one out of 120 people have had to leave their homes due to war Isnt this appalling?Poverty can be seen, and also not seen. For example, in some parts of the world you can clearly see people suffering in poverty, some people may be homeless some efficacy even be su ffering from illness that can not be cured due to lack of money. However, some types of poverty can not be seen. For example, pensioners like Mrs Pankania have to make a decisions between buying enough to eat to being warm in the winter. This is because some pensioners have a unhopeful pension and cant enjoy luxuries like us. How would you feel if you had to make a decision between warmth and food?What can you do to Help?As you are probably aware, living in the state of poverty would probably be very harsh. Here are some tips for you to try and help these unfortunate people and make their lives a interrupt place.Uzairs Top Tips1.) If you are walking down the street, with a handful of unwanted change, and you know the your not really going to result care of it keep it until you come across a charity box.2.) Make your own charity box. Find an old jar thats NOT being apply and write in bold words- CHARITY Tell your friends and family to put old change into to it and you shall lent o notice that the amount in the jar show slowly increase.3.) As said in tip 2, make a charity box, but this time give one to a brother or babe and have a race to see who can fill their charity box the quickest.Hopefully these tips will help those in poverty- and make their lives a better place

The Relationship Between Corporations and the Environment

The relationship amid corporations and the environment is a tumultuous one. Corporations have abused and violated the environment for generations. These actions have now arrest unacceptable in our present society. There is growing concern for our inhering mental imagerys the worlds forests, watership canal, and air be observably tainted. In the last twenty years, the U. S. has become more vigilant in recognizing and passing acts to attempt to mould and purify our environment. Between 1938 and 1986, twelve acts regarding headache and the environment have been passed. The Food and Drug Administration ingrainedised the first act in 1938.The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic crook was passed to stupefy food and medicine additives. The Delaney Clause in 1958 added the prohibition of the sale of foods containing human or animal carcinogens to the original act. The Wilderness be of 1964 outlawed the development of wilderness atomic number 18as and gave b be-ass-fashioned proced ures for the appointment of new protected areas. In 1969, the National environment Policy Act created a nation wide environmental policy and the Council on Environmental Quality. A year later, the first legislation passed for the Clean duck soup Act. It was relegislated in 1977 and again in 1990.This act constituted the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to control the enforcement of air quality standards. In 1972, both the Federal insecticide and Rodenticide Act and the Clean urine Act were passed. They were relegislated in 1988 and 1977, 1981, and 1987 respectively. FIFRA requires the registration of every pesticide, certification and preconsumer testing. The Clean Water Act established standards for make offwater treatment, sludge management, and set discharge limitation and water quality standards. The peril Species Act of 1973 protects animals that are threatened or endangered.Relegislated in 1984, the Resource Conservation and Rec everyplacey Act of 1976 standardiz ed the manufacturing, transportation, storage, treatment and dumping of solid and high-risk countervail. Also passed in 1976 was the Toxic Substances Control Act, which delegates the EPA control over the assessment of risks involved in chemicals and recordkeeping. 1980 saw the passing of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, remuneration, and Recovery Act, which brought liability upon the owners, transporters and sources of hazardous waste, and established the Superfund to help with cleanup bells.The Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act requires companies to publicly disclose all chemical and toxic hazards in their operations. 1 These acts have often left companies feeling as though their hands were tied. The Clean Air Act by 1989 managed to reduce air pollution to two thirds of the 1970s level. The Act fall upons this through the use of permits to regulate the construction and resultion of major sources of pollution. The act specifies that a major source is one tha t emits 100 scads or more per year. This means that a factory can be built that emits 90 dozens of pollution per year with out a permit.A permit is alike necessary if you want to development an existing factory that emits 100 tons by 25 tons. This act has its shortcomings. For example, a university wants to expand its heating plant plant. The administration has two options either modify the existing plant or build a new plant. The universitys heating plant emits 100 tons of pollution, this means that they will need a permit. The modification would usually be more cost effective because it is a smaller job and would not take as much time to accomplish. The practicality of the situation would force the building of a new heating plant that is to be smaller than 100 tons of pollution.The reason for this is the delay, cost and uncertainty of the permitting process, which would tease the over all cost up. It is probable that the modification of the single plant would ultimately cl ear less pollution that the two take apart plants. 2 The SARA, or Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act passed by the government as an addendum to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Recovery Act specifies that companies make public details of their storage and handling techniques. All firms manufacturing 300 precise chemicals must abide by this.Firms with ten or more full time workers must fastidiously report must report all chemicals released routinely. The quantity of the specific chemicals released into water, soil, and air, along with a listing of waste treatment efficiency must be make available to the surrounding community. It is difficult for companies to cite specific waste treatment facilities, for not m any true ones exist. The public demands summarize removal of hazardous wastes and at the same time that the goods be produced with the same efficiency and quality. 3The Clean Water Act is a system of minimum national standards for the disc harge of toxins and hazardous waste into the environment. The rules given call for complicated adept decisions to be made by businesses. The fact that a go with must comply with all new standards within a year causes for much loss and payment of fines. These acts do have negative effect upon businesses. However, corporations are finding advantages to environmentally sound procedures. Not only are environmentally friendly policies commonplace with consumers, but they can also save businesses a great deal of money.As the acts and their socially sure agenda become more assimilated into the business world, business is working to gain advantage and minimize disadvantages. more case studies support this idea. Corporations have discovered that they can often use environmental friendly course of instructions and products to produce more profits. An excellent example of this is Ben and Jerrys ice cream club. The company began by making all natural ice cream on a very small scale in B urlington, Vermont in 1978. internal food held great appeal in Vermont, even before it held nation-wide popularity. Soon, their product became extremely popular. Ben and Jerrys all natural products provided the first benefits of environmental-friendly policies for the company. Later, when two large manufacturing facilities were built in Waterbury and St. Albans Vermont, they decided to treat the waste created form their touch on with a prototype solar aquatic treatment system. Like a wetland, the system combines solar qualification with plants, algae and microbes to break down wastewater.Three green teams strive to ensure compliance with their priorities of managing their waste, conserving energy, practicing sustainability, finding renewable energy sources and forming environmentally positive community programs. Besides these positive actions, which attract many customers, other environmentally correct actions save Ben and Jerrys money. Instead of sending massive amounts of waste to the landfill, the company implemented procedures that minimize waste and reduce cost simultaneously. Cardboard waste is baled and sold or recycled, which saves the company $17,400 annually.Office employees must celebrate a cycle program to save energy, cost and trees. $235,000 a year is save in recycling or reusing plastic buckets. As much as $250,000 a year will be saved from new energy saving devices incorporated by the company. There are environmentally positive aspects in every part of the company which prove Ben and Jerrys to be unhypocritical, for the environmentally friendly image they sell their products. Since their total sales were $97 trillion in 1991, it seems that this philosophy works and brings about a large customer base. 4Other companies have found profit through environmentally safe Merck & Co. , a cosmopolitan health product corporation for animals and humans, and specialty chemicals balances profit and responsibility even in the face of SARA. To reserve an inner accordance, Merck runs its operations with the same regard for health and well being that its products have. Merck has declared, our commitment is to conduct our business worldwide in a manner that will protect the environment as well as the health and safety of our employees and the public. 5 Merck made formal its environmental commitment in 1990.In 1990, the company published a statement giving its environmental policies and goals. The progress toward these objectives was charted through periodic reports in a set five-year period. The objectives set by Merck were specific. The minimization of chemicals released into the atmosphere, in turn harming people, animals, the ozone layer, and causing acid rain and the babys room effect was one goal. Research to find new ways to minimize waste and conserve resources was a priority. Reduction of waste generation and self-sufficient waste treatment and disposal were another goal.Energy and resource conservation practices were to be apply in its research, manufacturing and office facilities. Lastly, resource conservation was to be promoted through forward-looking product design and recyclable materials. 6 Merck, like all chemical producers, was directly confronted with SARA. Though the company is not forced to reduce emissions, its operation procedures go far above SARA suggestions and Clean Air Act regulations. Voluntarily, the company made a commitment to the EPA to follow these higher standards. Merck specifically vowed to reduce carcinogen air emissions by 90% at the end of 1991.Also, these air emissions were to be eradicated by 1993. Finally, Merck would reduce releases of corporate chemicals by more or less 90% of all direct releases and material transfers for off site disposal by the end of 1995. Merck had minify all its worldwide releases of toxic chemicals by 50% from 1987 figures by the end of 1992. 7 The goals focusing on toxic waste processing and reductions were to be achieved through a stra tegic plan at region and plant levels. Divisions, plants and salaried employees directly or indirectly involved with manufacturing were to implement personal goals to help Merck achieve their overall goals.The eight plants under Mercks manufacturing division, along with the two manufacturing vice-presidents, were each accountable for the reduction and better management of waste in the plants. A central environmental resource staff coordinated and supported the effort. extraction reduction was the biggest priority, followed by recovery/recycling/reuse, and waste management. Most of Mercks waste is non toxic. The toxic minority consists of chiefly ethyl alcohol, acetone and methyl alcohol, used in manufacturing processes.The waste stream is boiled, the purified vapors condensed, and the liquid recollected. 90% is recovered for reuse. The remaining 10% is toxic waste. 8 Packaging components have experienced reduction in the interest of landfill space and resource conservation. Cotton wadding in drug bottles has been eliminated in the US. In europium, on that point has been a 10% reduction in aluminum and foil waste. A conversion in Europe to standard blister packaging and high volume carton printing reduces waste and saves money. 9 saucily and more competent equipment helps to reduce Mercks waste management problems.By standardizing and upward(a) production, Merck is less likely to confluence problems with the FDA for making drug production changes. Approval for production changes is extremely time and cost consuming. Yield and product quality standards are on the same level as environmental standards. Merck, takes responsibility for the total liveness cycle of materials we use and products we manufacture. 10 Merck keeps lines of communication open with the public concerning its environmental policies. By working with the chemic Manufacturers Associations Responsible Care Program, Merck provides information to the public through a 1-800 number.The numbe r is linked directly to Merck, where questions regarding Merck plants are answered. Emergency response systems are in place at factories, and for Merck transports. Literature regarding operations and safety procedures are distributed by Merck to keep the public in make. 11 Mercks environmental commitment extends to its corporate headquarters. Environmental preservation of wood and wetlands upon the site was the priority. The 900,000 square foot hexagon-shaped building and the 700,000 square foot underground parking garage made a minimal effect upon the land.Awards and recognition were in order for this achievement. Kevin Roche, an architect known for designs that blend into the environment, was chosen for the project. The hexagon building surrounds five acres of forest, roads go over the land, and trees were moved rather than destroyed. They were nurtured in a nursery for as long as three years and then returned to the landscape. Energy saving features were utilized in the main bu ilding. All paper waste, the principal waste product, is recycled. 2. 8 tons of waste are produced per day, of which 8 tons are recyclable. 12Merck has made an agreement with the rib Rican Instituto Nacional de Biodivarsidad (INBio) to grant a million dollars to catalog the immensely diverse life found in Costa Rico. In exchange, Merck is granted the rights to any new medicines found. If a new medicine is found, the royalties will surpass the cost of the failure of the project. The diversity of Costa Rico is thought by scientists to contain more biodiversity then any other planet on earth. Many unknown animals and plants exist in Costa Rico and have yet to be discovered. Merck is learning local people to take samples and perform extractions.INBio will analyze the samples. Merck will evaluate samples for agricultural and pharmaceutic applications. This mutual beneficent relationship will aid both the environment and Merck. 13 By improving their product, cutting their costs, and impr oving their public image, Merck has made a profit from environmental friendliness. The envirometal centered policy has undetermined up new trades and gained a competitive advantage. This compliance is expensive, but seems well worth the expenditure for the return. The EPA also has developed incentives in recent years for environmental policy compliance.The Green Lights program gives companies EPA support to drive down lighting usage, which accounts for over 20% of overall electrical costs. Software, financing information, lighting product consumer insurance coverage is provided free of charge. Public recognition is given through public service ads, news articles, marketing materials, publicise specials and videotapes. Computer manufacturers who install automatic power down on their ready reckoners join the Energy Star program endorsed by the EPA. Consumers and businesses look specifically for this symbol in many cases, causing a gain for the computer manufacturer.Variable Speed Drives for heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems save 40% or more efficiency. The EPA has formed a special group buy to make them more affordable. Payback is within three years. Plans are on the board to endorse other green technologies this way. Refrigerators that are produced and function 30-50% more energy efficient then 1993 standards will receive a rebate. These are just a few incentives the EPA is providing. 14 organisation and business have often debated over policies and laws. In the case of laws governing business practices and their effects on the environment, this holds true.The balance between being environmentally safe and still producing the quality and quantities needed is delicate. However, todays market makes environmental friendliness sellable, and the procedures involved often save businesses a considerable amount of money. Ben and Jerrys have utilized the market for environmentally aware products and combined it with their company philosophy. Merck has utilized the same business strategy and found ways to surpass SARA and other environmental acts. These businesses prove that being environmentally responsible is not only virtuously correct, but also profitable.

Blessings of Liberty

In striking at the domestic Tranquility, common defense and Bless(prenominal)ings of Liberty that the US Constitution was naturalized to secure, the terrorist attacks of September 11 not only extinguished thousands of lives but also heralded a wild and unprecedented chapter in the the Statesn experiment. 9/11 represented the end of what remained of the Statess post1991 innocence several(prenominal) the severity of global threats and confirmed the galore(postnominal) prior warnings that the question of mainland terror was wiz of when, not whether, it would occur.To some observers, the attacks triggered the most sudden and dramatic change in the history of American multinational policy, bringing an un human worldnerly and decisive end to the post-C mature War era. (Stephen, 2001) But while many declarations proclaimed a permanently change valet de chambre, American responses instead suggested a remarkable continuity. Rather than initiating a transformation, 9/11 accelerate d trends, policies and approaches that were sound established.If the attacks most immediate policy-making effects were certainly dramatic the Bush administrations approval ratings so ard and public combine in the federal giving medication attained levels unseen since the early 1960s the dominant features of recent American politics (not least partisan polarization) remained essenti protagonist unchanged. Analogical reasoning in international affairs is as hazardous in theory as it is ubiquitous in practice hence the question of whether 9/11 will ultimately prove as strategically significant for America as free give-up the ghost Harbor, the Cold War or the implosion of the USSR is best left for another day.(Richard, 2001) 9/11 nonetheless turn bug out some(prenominal) that America remains as vulnerable to conventional and unconventional attacks as other nations and that its laughable influence renders it an especially inviting target. It also demonstrated, however, that A merica remains exceptional in its capacity to deploy Brobdingnagian resources and destructive assets on a global scale. The rapid removal of the Taliban regime revea take a hegemonic power with uncomplete peer nor precedent, prompting commentators to compete for adjectival correctness hyper-power, mega-power, behemoth. (Tim, 2002) Confronted by such dominance, critics are surely mightily to caution about the dangers accompanying such unprecedented and (relatively) unfettered power. But commentary on America frequently remains empirically poorly anchored, wrongly conflating official policies with public preferences and embracing stereo-types about (for example) pack aversion to phalanx casualties that resisted close scrutiny long prior to 2001.The reasons why factual accuracy infrequently intrudes on familiar truisms about the USA has received compelling analysis elsewhere (Clive, 2002) but it is in the light of such infrequency that this chapter reviews in turn American percept ions of the terrorist attacks, the responses of the Bush administration and Congress and 9/11s broader significance for American domestic politics and foreign policy. terrorism used to be seen by the worlds militaries as low intensity conflict and many commanders such as you were not often preoccupied with it.For us, exceptionally hot course of instructions such as 1983 or 1985 were on the nose thatexceptions. Now its war. It is a war that the al Qaeda enemy formally declared in 1996, and again in 1998. Its a war feign by a long series of attacks upon free plentys. The U. S. only accepted this as war at the end of 2001, but it is instantly affixed to the horizon. To call this war is not to say that it is a solely military contest. If US g all overnment has a grand strategy, because this contest is political, ideological, legal, economic, and moral. It is profoundly moral.President Bush make the accurate parallel between terrorist and pirates or slave-traders. All three catego ries are natural enemies of humanityan quaint concept of international law, and a good one. On Saturday, the new Pope described terrorism as perverse, a cruel decision that shows contempt for the sacred right to life, and a new barbarism. The global nations, collectively, fill the upper hand in this contest because Allies is a moral cause, and they must not brush off or abandon that moral advantage. (Gray, 2005)Two recent and ugly innovations by terror groups underscore terrorisms profound inhumanity. You whitethorn dedicate noticed the new pattern of terror attacks on aid personnel and nongovernmental organizations. What had been rare is now appallingly common. NGOs are studying the challenge, but keep only begun. For now they often close rase relief operations and withdraw in the face of terrora prudent response, but one that negates their whole purpose, and satisfies the attackers. Until now, NGOs have tended to want nothing from you as commanders except logistical support for their own work.The less contact the better, it seemed. Now, they may begin asking you to help with their security, which is a most complicated job. A indorse reminder of the character of terrorism is a new pattern of double-bombings. The first explosive is laid to anguish and kill this damage draws in dozens of medical professionals and first responders (Wolf, 2003) when enough ambulances have arrived, the second quantify charge detonates, redoubling the carnage. I first noticed the old Irish Republican Army do this. Then, a right-wing terrorist did it in Atlanta Georgia.The jihadis Bali Indonesia bombings confirmed the patterna preliminary bomb in a building drove people out into the street, where a far big bomb murdered many of them. And indeed, at a fourth point on the globe (Iraq) came the August 17 bombing of a bus terminal in Baghdad. Police naturally rushed to the scene, and thats when a second bomb blew, in the station parking lot. There was a third layer to the p lan. Ambulances rushed wounded to a nearby hospital, and thither, awaiting them, was a suicide bomber, who then detonated.When terrorism develops such techniques it rarely regresses well see more. (Clutterbuck, 2004) The moral relativists who will not understand terrorismwho say, it is nothing more than a weapon of the weakshould ponder the planning in these double-bombings. How hard you commanders work to train your personnel to protect the Red Cross, to steer clear of ambulances, to avoid hospitals as sanctuaries of the wounded, even amidst actual battle. Compare that with what terrorists plot and do in peacetime, with this explicit targeting of medical personnel.The over-heated religious militants led by al Qaeda have an international program. That is translucent from their targeting Nairobi, Casablanca, Istanbul, Riyadh, and Madrid. Their internationalism is just as evident from their recruitment Saudis, Moroccans, Algerians, Somalis, Yemenis, Filipinos, and Western Europeans of all kinds. The enemy confirms all this in how he trains al Qaedas camps in the Sudan, and then Afghanistan, drew tens of thousands, to some 50 training camps, from the corners of the world.In late 2001, in the Afghan war, The Allied coalition captured people from over forty countries There was of course a Philippines training branch, and another in Indonesia. The array of foreign faces appearing in these camps was widely diverse. The jihadis internationalism is just as evident in their ideology as surely as a good man may be called into good and divine proceeds from Madagascar or Americaand they have beenso in addition might the jihadis appeals touch a potential terrorist in Madagascar, or Americaand they have. There are treasure troves of al Qaeda documents.Their own words make it apparent that as a policy end, al Qaeda envisages itself as the global leader of a great coalition, and should it conquer, then the creation of a great Caliphate. Mullah Omar and Osama store Laden talked about that in Afghanistanthere is a written record of it. If Mullah Omars Taliban regime is any indication of how such a Caliphate would govern, very some Muslims would ever want italthough the rulers, being totalitarians, would not much care if their regime were wanted. The terrorists internationalist policy dictates an internationalist strategy.That is why the celebrated fatwa of February 1998 heralded formation of The World Muslim Front for Jihad Why Bin Ladens speeches urge Islamic unity, a seamless community of the faithful, worldwideWhy his lieutenant, and doctor, the globe-trotting Egyptian Al Zawahiri, criticizes peoples of the Islamic world when they fail to come when they are called to arms by al Qaeda. (Alexander, 2001) So US government sees al Qaedas global reach in its targeting, recruiting, training, ideology, and recovered documents and public pronouncements. Quite obviously, there is a world war, and war must be joined.In the face of such global ambitions and global attacks, all decent governments should ally themselves in counterterrorism. That is the first and most apparent need from the assessment of the present enemy And at the military level, this direction explains why Commandant Michael Hagees strategic Vision, as briefed to leaders of the US Marine Corps, states simply that Deterring and defeating mo threats places a high priority on works with partner nations (Adams, 2002) For the U. S. , these ongoing efforts embarrass training international officer students in military staff level and war colleges.The Marine Corps alone has over five hundred such international students and trainees. Then there are the many training missions that the larger military services carry out abroad. USMC training teams were in nine countries in 2004, but this year theyre in five times as many foreign countries. The State Department has an ambitious Antiterrorism supporter Program, which mixes political, and security matters, and has operated world -wide since 1983. One part of this, conducted through the State Departments Office of the Coordinator for Counter-terrorism, is the Foreign Emergency Support Team.Over the years, these teams have accomplished liaison with over one hundred partner countries to a limited but utile end when a crisis occurs abroad, if that country desires U. S. technical support or advice, the mechanisms for it are understood on both sides. (Bolz, 2000) Consider as well Pakistan. Islamabad has made a remarkable and satisfying reversal of old policies. At great risk to itself, the Musharaf administration now studies, surrounds, and seizes bombers, torturers, shooters, plotters, and financiers, foreign and domestic. The Pakistani police are working even harder than the army.The country has extradited such important terrorists as Ramzi Yousef who bombed the brisk York Trade Towers the first time (1993) and Ramzi Binalshibh, a Yemeni who apparently sought to join his friends in the 9-11 hijacking teams. ( Crenshaw, 2001) By the spring of 2003 one of the news show magazines wrote admiringly that arrests were coming almost weekly in Pakistan. Few things are as satisfying as a successful trial, conviction and jailing it puts things fight, and the world sees it. Some democracies created special counter-terrorist forces as an answer to the terrorist atrocities of the late 1960s.Many states make them then. Germanys GSGN demonstrate troops taking down the airliner held by terrorists in Mogadishu in 1978, with a ruin psychological impact on the Red Army F workFrench forces boldly recapturing one of their nations airliners in Marseilles in December 1994, snuffing out a clear precursor attack on their own majuscule and preventing a 9-11 in that cityPerus commandos, quietly enduring the tensions of the four-month siege they laid for MRTA Communists holding the Japanese embassy in Lima, in 1996.When Perus commandos finally pounced, in April 1997, it was a magnificent performance that left t he bad people stretched out on the ground and the hostages reunited with their astonished families. For specialized work like counterterrorism there must be specialized forces. This is somewhat align even for dealing with a broader insurgency. There are lock in roles for conscripts and draftees, available in large numbers, to perform traditional duties of aid and occupation, amidst a population for 8 or 12 months someplace abroad.But the greatest need in Afghanistan today, in Nepal today, in Iraq today, is for confident well-trained professionals who will make long deployments and then consider another tour. At the very least, there must be a sophisticated direction of helping capture the lessons they have learned. (Farrell, 2002) Officers do not arrive fresh upon an insurgent scene, such as Iraq, and determine by Clausewitzean coup doeil the essence of the problem, and solve it before breakfast tomorrow.Instead the fellow coming in must study, and watch, and wrestle with the l anguage and the newness of the situation, abandon a preconception or two, and think long and hard. It was T. E. Lawrence, Lawrence of Arabia, who wrote that irregular war is far more intellectual than a bayonet charge. Neither guerrilla war nor its antidotes have changed much since his time. Pressures to have intimate human watchword in this age of global terrorism are very high. In a localized insurgency at least there might be certain common features of the enemy mind.But in this global struggle, the countries of origin are as diverse as the personalities arrayed against America. Policy makers have many lenses through which to study and learn, and prepare what is practical psychology, political science, political philosophy, regional studies, sociology, and other lenses will all help us take in the character of the enemy. You may be thinking that it is a cliche to call for better human intelligence. (Rubin, 1999) True. It is true that is a cliche, and true that we need better i ntelligence.In the USA, many blue ribbon panels and careful studies have demanded that America has improved on her intelligence assets as compare to that was before 9-11. In practice, this recommendation means adjustments by more than just intelligence experts. It means education and training, in good, resident, schools. It means making every naval infantry man and woman an intel collector. ( Netanyahu, 2004) It means close cooperation between military and police forces, for the police often know more, being locals, and long-time experts at observing the law-breaking sort of man.Two of the great lessons of British counter-insurgency were in emphasis on intelligence by all units, and emphasis on sharing intelligence between the military and civilian sides, to include sometimes co-locating their two infrastructures. (Solan, 2000) Washington and Langley may emphasize counter-terrorism against al Qaeda but may still disappoint the close NATO partner, Berlin, with how much intelligence A mericans actually share. Perhaps Turkey finds Washingtons bureaucrats too busy, or too uninterested, in the problems of the reviving Kurdish insurgency.Yet Turkish blood flows, and Kurdish killers hide just over the border in Iraq, and Americans are said to have some powers in Iraq, so Turks may demand America use influence against their Kurdish terrorists. Russia saw, so long before Americans did, the need for directly aiding the Afghan northerly Alliance led by the brilliant Ahmed Shah Massoud, against the Taliban tyranny, in the 1990s. Now, who should be surprised if Russia feels she has a call on more political support over Chechen separatism. (Wolf, 2003) We must work to measure up to the challenges of affiliate as well as enemies.As Winston Churchill used to say, a man must never allow himself to fall below the level of events. References Adams, James. Secret armies inside the American, Soviet, and European special forces. New York, N. Y. , U. S. A. The Atlantic Monthly Pre ss, 2002. 440-48 Alexander, Yonah. Browne, Marjorie Ann. Nanes, Allan S. eds. . get word of terrorism international documents. (Foreword by Ray S. Cline published in cooperation with the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Georgetown University). New York, N. Y. , U. S. A. Crane, Russak, 2001.xvi, 21-25. Bolz, Frank. Dudonis, Kenneth J. Schulz, David P. The counter-terrorism handbook tactics, procedures, and techniques. New York, N. Y. , U. S. A. Elsevier Science, (Series in Practical Aspects of Criminal and Forensic Investigations), 2000. pp. 221-224 Clive Christie, US Hate A ornamentalist Prejudice for Our Time, The Times Higher Educational Supplement, 18 Jan. 2002, p. 19. Clutterbuck, Richard L. Living with terrorism. London, G. B. Faber and Faber, 2004. pp. 151-152 Crenshaw, Martha. Terrorism and international cooperation. Boulder, Colo.New York, N. Y. , U. S. A. Westview Press set up for East-West Security Studies, (Occasional paper Series 11), 2001. p91 Farrell, William Regis. The U. S. government response to terrorism in search of an effective strategy. Boulder, Colo. , U. S. A. Westview Press, (Westview special(prenominal) Studies in National and International Terrorism), 2002. 139-42 Gray, John Why Terrorism is Unbeatable, New Statesman, 25 Feb. 2005, pp. 503. Netanyahu, Benjamin. ed. . Terrorism how the West can win. London, G. B. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2004. 25-34 Richard A.Posner, Public Intellectuals A Study of Decline (Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press, 2001). Rubin, Barry. ed. . The politics of counter-terrorism the ordeal of parliamentary states. Washington, D. C. , U. S. A. Foreign Policy Institute, The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, The Johns Hopkins University, 1999. 117-122 Solan, Stephen. Beating international terrorism an action strategy for preemption and punishment. Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala. Washington, D. C. , U. S. A. Air University, Air University Press U. S. G. P. O. , 2000. 60-66

Codification Master Glossary Essay

Question 1Is the Enterprise a VIE as defined in the Codification Master Glossary? If so, what criteria be strike it to be deemed a VIE? Assume that (1) the Enterprise does non qualify for any scope exceptions and (2) the beauteousness investment by the Nominee Shargonholders in the Enterprise represents equity investment at risk. The enterprise is a VIE as defined in the codification of the master glossary. From the narrative, nominee equity holders do not lease the losses of the enterprise and do not benefit from the residual grasp the residual gain rather goes to the WFOE. The nominee equity holders though they own 100% of the share cannot run the activities of the enterprise the activities are run by the WFOE as they provide the intellectual property, employees, resources and other services to run the schools. The nominee shareholders equally pledge their equity rights to the WFOE and cannot transfer, sell or give their equity for encumbrance. This descriptions in the narrat ive are in line with the definition of a VIE as per ASC 810-10.Question 2If the Enterprise is deemed to be a VIE, would the WFOE (excluding any related party or de facto agency bloods) consolidate the Enterprise? The WFOE would consolidate the enterprise following(a) ASC 810-10-25-38 because it says a reporting entity shall consolidate a VIE if the reporting entity has a variable interest that absorb a majority of the VIEs anticipate losses, receives a majority of the VIEs expected residual income or both. The WFOE receives a majority of the enterprise residual income and so should consolidate the enterprise.Question 3What impact, if any, does the POA agreement have on the conclusion reached in Question 2? The POA does not change the conclusion reached in question 2 because the nominee shareholders still act on behalf of the WFOE and the furnish that made the enterprise a VIE does not change with the POA 4. Does the accounting analysis or conclusion change for each of the questi ons above when analyzed in accordance with IFRS? IFRS does not have VIEs theyhave special purpose entities which are similar to VIEs. According to IAS 27 SPEs should be consolidated where substance of the relationship indicates that the SPE is controlled by the reporting entity. This may arise even where the activities of the SPE are predetermined or where the majority of the pick out or equity are not held by the reporting entity.

Satan and Evil in the Quran

It is interesting to read the seventh chapter of Major Themes of the Quran. There is an abundance of education explaining the traditions and fundamentality of this argument. It is really interesting to see the commonalty threads that run by the three major religions. When hellish and satan is discussed in the Quran it is practically referred to along with the jinn. The jinn atomic number 18 the metaphorical representation of the humans. They are often imbued with names such as satans or the D unfairness.There is much made from the repeated statements that satans stealthily taste to snatch news from the heavens but are driven away. (Major Themes of the Koran 121) It then goes on to ordinate that the jinn were given the opportunity to listen to the Quran, and then choose the path of good or savage. It is important to comment that the information is given to Mohammed from God, and that it is not recorded that the Prophet Mohammed had an contact with the jinn. In the Quran, Sat an or sinfulness is not seen as the enemy of God, but rather the rival and enemy of men and women.Satan cannot cutaneous senses God, is not an equal, so satan preys upon men and women to rebel against Gods command. In the Bible there is the similar belief that Satan is there to tempt men and women to break Gods commandments. A parallel could be drawn between the Qurans warnings and the Bibles warning to be vigilant against the activities of Satan. O people Enter all of you into peace and do not follow the footsteps of Satan, for he is your manifest enemy. (2208) Satans power is derived from the weakness of men and women.In the Quran the devil appears more cunning and artful than strong. . . (Major Themes of the Quran 125) The devil simply invites people to make an error, people still exhaust the ability to say no. The story of ten and Eve is a common theme through both the Bible and the Quran, and it illustrates this point well. The apple was simply offered, perhaps cajoled, b ut never forced. Again the common thread, all people must guard against the influence of evil, because it is insidious. The Quran often parallels jinn to mankind, the struggle between evil tendencies and good are in both.It details why it is easy for people to deceive themselves into believing what they are doing is just, ut in reality is just self-serving behavior. Satan is often referred to in the plural satans in the Quran, illustrating its use for both mankind and jinns. There is no satan independent of these two types of beings according to the Quran, integrity must exist for the other to exist. Satans is also used to for dis takers. It is said that they take in satans at the ejection of God. It is believed that as God sends messages to his prophets, so satan sends messages to his wicked followers. Major Themes of the Quran 130). The theme of satan and evil is interesting as it appears in the Quran. There are many parallels with the Bible, such as the story of Adam and Eve. T he struggles of men and women against the temptation of evil, is another parallel in the Quran and Bible. The Quran does talk about jinns, which is divergent than anything mentioned in the Bible. Another large divide is the belief that all disbelievers are evil. Consequently I believe there are more similarities than differences.

The Case Study of Soren

1. unsex the problem (from students perspective) 2. Ensure caoutchouc (including assessing potential for self-harm) 3. Provide take over 4. Examine alternatives 5. Make a blueprint 6. perplex a perpetration (including no-harm agreement where applicable) Tragedy struck a small west Texas town Satur twenty-four hour period when beloved Lubbock Christian condition (LCU) superintendent, Peter Dahlstrom, disasterally shot and killed his nine year old granddaughter, Soren, firearm rabbit hunting on the family farm. The entire community has been shocked by this tragedy and the effects of the incident allowing be mat up in the community for some time.Many bulk in the community will benefit from crisis intervention techniques during this time. I have applied Robinsons Crisis Response Model for successful crisis intervention to develop a plan of action to help teachers, students, and faculty through this difficult time. The model suggests the following six steps 1) Define the prob lem 2) Ensure safety, including assessing potential for self-harm 3) Provide concomitant 4) Examine alternatives 5) Make a plan and 6) Obtain a commitment, including a no-harm agreement where applicable.The first phase of the crisis intervention plan is to inform as many people of the issue as quickly as possible. To quickly reach as many people as possible, the crisis team sent out an email to inform parents as immediately after the accident occurred. It would be best if the children are not blind-sided by the tuition at schooling on Monday morning. I expect several of the students and faculty members to go through the 5 classic stages of sorrowfulness identified by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross (1969), which are denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.Sometimes this can be a slow process, so I think some students and teachers will require on-going help to process this tragic sack of life. My plan involves the following crisis intervention steps 1. dupe a Staff Pre-meeti ng first thing Monday morning a. Invite all the staff who feels affected by the crisis. I feel it is important to include part-time teachers, bus drivers, playground supervisors, janitors, secretaries, and any other workers who would uniform to join. b. Keep communications open and give facts on the situation, as appropriate within the bounds of confidentiality.Prepare a handout for staff not in attendance. c. Share actions and feelings with one another, taking time for mutual support. The school crisis team shares data on grief, and answers the questions and concerns of the staff. d. Give a plan for the day that has been prepared by the crisis team. 2. prior to the first active school day How to tell Students e. Decide which students are to be told. f. Confirm what information they will be told. g. Decide who will tell the students. h. Outline the procedures for how they will be told. i.Discuss how they may react and what to do. 3. The Debriefing Meeting A meeting with staff at the end of the day to discuss how the day went for both students and staff. 4. Activities to Discourage Large assemblies or public address announcements these make it difficult to provide support to students on an individual basis. When he Lubbock Christian School community mourned the loss of a student and the twinge of their leader. This is a great tragedy for our school, said Brian Pitaniello, chairman of the Lubbock Christian Schools Board of Trustees.Pitaniello said Peter Dahlstrom has worked as superintendent of the school for 17 years. He is a spiritual leader for our school he loves our kids, he said. Hundreds of students, teachers parents and friends of the Dahlstroms gathitherd for a student-organized prayer vigil in honor of the family Saturday morning in the schools auditorium. That just shows the continue this family had on our school, Pitaniello said. This school and this community loves this were answered by a family friend who said the family did not wish to con verse with the media. family. and our heart breaks for this family.We hurt for her family for a loss of a child as well as for the loss of a classmate and the loss of a student. School administrators sent an email to parents early Saturday informing them of the incident. Parents were told grief counselors would be available for students. Parents of third-graders were urged to meet with a childrens grief counselor at 8 a. m. Monday morning at the school to help mothers and fathers feel more confident in talking with their children about the tragedy. Classes were expected to go on as scheduled Monday. Phone calls to the Dahlstrom house in Anton . k. Student and staff contact with the media while at school media contacts can be disruptive and sometimes insensitive. Direct all media to the public information officer or representative. l. Removing belongings of the deceased- this is best done gradually and can include family members and friends. Having concrete reminders in the classro om can help teachers and students let go gradually. m. Staying rigid with regard to curriculum and scheduling reactions will vary, from needing flexibility to needing structure. Decisions must be made on an individual basis. n.Not communicating with students, staff, parents and community on inflorescence events. o. Treating the death of students differently because of status or community position, etc. 5. Safety Valves p. Make sure there are enough staff and school crisis team members to support all who may need it. Its much better to have more than you need, than to need, more than you have. q. Designate a safe room for anyone wanting a place to go to, if needed. Make sure everyone knows its purpose and location. r. Hold a debriefing meeting at the end of the day to give people a place to process the day and receive support and validation. bnnhb

Employee Satisfaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Employee Satisfaction - Essay ExamplePromotion should purely be merit based so that everyone in the organization gets an opportunity to move up the ranks. Also, in the lawsuit of job openings, it is advisable to first try and hire from within. This not only saves costs on pedagogy but also in a great platform for employee stimulation. It is important for the employees to be challenged to a conjectural level so as to encourage them to be interested in their job, thus, it is likely that the productiveness levels forget remain high. Motivation is key to increasing the productivity of a workforce. Compliments, for modelling, be excellent motivators. Satisfied employees be aw be that they are appreciated as they constantly receive positive feedback from their superiors. High employee merriment levels are directly linked to employee productivity and employee retention as satisfied employees are more productive and leal to their organization that their unsatisfied counterparts. An employer who understands what motivates his staff has definite control over his staff.The article dispelling the modern myth Employee satisfaction and loyalty drive service profitability gives a report on research findings on execution management, service management, Total Quality Management (TQM) and Human Resource Management. The research focuses on the correlation amongst employee satisfaction and performance. It is a general belief that better satisfied employees have higher levels of productivity. Rhian & Silversto cites earlier flora by the Americans Deming(1986), Juran (1989) and the Japanese Ishiakawa(1985) who are all management experts their writings shows that improved job satisfaction increases the productivity of employees. These authors argument supports the belief that better performing enterprises always treated their employees in a better way. confessedly to its title, the research finds contradicting evidence to earlier works and the general beliefs to what had been commonly accepted in the management world. The authors gives the example of Isakawa 1985 who argues that with better satisfaction, one has improved drives hence will tend to co-operate with fellow employees. The research findings from an empirical learning of one of UKs Supermarket chains showed that this is not always true. The most profitable stores were the ones with the least satisfied employees implying a disallow correlation between employee satisfaction and measures of productivity, efficiency and profitability Rhian & Sylvester. However, reports by management experts that employee satisfaction and loyalty are key factors to enhancing productivity efficiency and increasing profit.The paper puts into application, Heskett, Sasser and Schlesingers service profit chain model to a UK supermarket. The major aim is to determine the performance linkages between employee perception and performance, customer perceptions, behavior and financial performance. industrial plant by both Hesket and Schlesinger (1991) and Reichheld (1996) improving employee loyalty through poor rewarding helps in improving the go the employees provide hence profitability is improved.The research is a case study of the Home Improvement stack away Chain in the United Kingdom. This is a large group of supermarket chains in the UK. The company was chosen since it had senior management believed that satisfaction was key to

Financial analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6750 words

Financial analysis - Essay casefulIn case of all kind of misrepresentation found in the financial statements, they shall be hard liable for not fulfilling their duties and the responsible individual managers ar likely to penalize for not being unquestionable in dealings with the external parties.The parties such as banks and financial institutions that are interest to provide capital to the firm and other individuals interested to invest in the firm or often require deuce-ace parties to attest the financial statements served by the firm for reliance in the information provided.External audit firms, investment bankers and underwriting firms, provide these certification services. Various clients are served by these third parties and thus they are strongly interested in maintaining their reputation and credibility with the financial community.The report provided by these third parties serves as reasonable presumption in the true and fair disclosure of information in the financ ial statements. In case of any(prenominal) discrepancy found in the financial information provided by the firm, the reports on the financial statements shall not be clean. Thus adversely affects the credibility of the firm.In case of any frau (d) Legal Penalties In case of any fraudulent or misrepresentation of information found in the financial statements served by the firm, there are heavy penalties for the persons responsible for the fraud which may lead to even insolvency of the firm.Most juridical laws across the bollock have severe civil and criminal liabilities for misrepresentation of financial information. Solution (b)Costs Associated with disclosureThe unhomogeneous costs associated with the disclosure of financial statements can be classified as underCollection and process costsLitigation CostsPolitical costsCompetitive disadvantages

Cloud Computing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Cloud Computing - Essay ExampleThe flipside of the application lies in its precarious state of security. being accessible to a number of users and within any locality, taint cypher is highly insecure and the idolise of interception, loss or unauthorized access of data exists.A SWOT analysis reveals the advantages that cloud computing bring home the bacons to institutions and businesses organizations keen in embracing convenient and fast methods of data storage and accessibility while at the same time showing the mundane flaws involved. Chief among the strengths of cloud computing is the ability to integrate a number of applications into one system and offer the user a single product able to offer various services. This could be equated to an omnibus that carries various passengers and conveniently drops each one at his destination. The technology considerably reduces the costs incurred in investment. While the technology demands that the university pay close to seven thousand do llars, the other excerpt of self investment would cost universities about three hundred thousand dollars. Other strengths are the mobility which basically allows access of the data from any locality and the expanded memory capacity as its RAM is larger. This boils pop to the availability of more space for institutions to store their ever increasing data (Beard).Cloud computing comes with inwrought weaknesses. Ideally, any organization that decides to adopt cloud computing technology must inevitably adjust their models. A business organization for instance must adjust the business model in tandem with the cloud computing technology. This is synonymous to an overhaul and could be expensive especially for large organizations which already have open up cultures. The biggest weakness in cloud computing, however, lies in the security of the technology. The technology being an amalgamation of various institutional applications in a remote

Case Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

subject area Portfolio - Essay Example4. Facts The City of Ferndale, Michigan, adopted a comprehensive ordinance regulating massage parlors. sitting room owners contested the constitutionality of the ordinance, claiming that the warrantless search provision was in violation of the Fourth Amendments prohibition of unreasonable searches. Court of appeals held the searches to be unconstitutional City appealed. (www.swlearning.com/blaw/cases/warrantless_searches.html)8. Rule of the Case The right against unreasonable searches exists under the Fourth Amendment but an prerogative from the search warrant requirement exists for administrative inspections of closely regulated industries.( www.swlearning.com/blaw/cases/warrantless_searches.html)9. Reasons Persons choosing to engage in a pervasively regulated business know that their business will be subject to effective inspection. The right to retirement must be balanced with the right of the states police power. (www.swlearning.com/bl aw/cases/warrantless_searches.html)4. Facts The FDA was sued from enforcing policies restricting certain forms of producer promotion of off-label uses for FDA-approved drugs and devices. The policies are expressed through complex and detailed Guidance Documents controlling manufacturer dispersal of reprints of medical textbooks and peer-reviewed journal articles, and manufacturer involvement in continuing medical education and symposia. (www.swlearning.com/blaw/cases/fda_limits.html)6. Issue(s) Whether FDA could limit either pharmaceutical or medical device manufacturer or other person from disseminating to medical professionals articles and textbooks make by independent publishers and by bona fide peer-review journals.9. Reasons The regulations in question violate the Supreme Courts telephone exchange Hudson test for commercial speech. Less intrusive regulations could address the concerns of

Police Corruption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Police Corruption - adjudicate ExampleMajority of scholars in the law enforcement field, according to Corley, assert that the acceptance of gratuities is a pitfall that leads to corruption. Corley bases his sorting of corruption on four experts definitions which affirm that corruption entails the act of accepting goods or anything with monetary measure out for performing or failing to perform duties which are a normal part of ones job.1On the separate hand, Corley defines steer as something given without claim or demand (Corley 2005). However, the author contends that it is confounding for the enforcement agents to discern when a gratuity does not come without a claim or demand. Thus, even though law enforcers exercise discretions on accepting presents and gratuities, enforcers should assume that everything comes with a price, based on the supposition that there is no free lunch. The author adds that though these acts of kind-heartedness may not require reciprocity in the prese nt, they may oblige an officer to reciprocate such kindness in the future. In some ways, Corley also admits that there exists people who strive for genuine kindness but individuals involve in the enforcement of law should always presume that everyone wants something in exchange of a yield or gratuity.

Race and Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Race and Religion - Essay ExampleHe then illustrates the attitude the religious companionship had towards the black population as they were not accepted as Christians. Rather, the community placed the black stack in an environment associated with inferiority and slavery. Furthermore, black people are wrongly associated with the mark of Cain, which was falsely employ to misrepresent these individuals as cursed.Father brownish states that traditionally in Exodus, the Jews would cry and tell their trials and tribulations to God who would have it away down to help them. Brown states that the white American religious denomination also attempted to demand the same culture. However, West Africans had some other approaches when it came to interaction with God. Hence, in this perspective, Brown illustrates the differences that existed in the religious activities of different races. He also illustrates how black West African individuals had to adapt to the western principles of religion . Father Brown also states the variation that existed towards black people even in some rituals in the church. These individuals were prohibited from singing certain songs, which further shows how European Christianity made blacks inferior individuals.The attitude that existed towards the black Catholics at that time made these individuals attend other churches that gave them the possibility to express themselves and feel the Holy Spirit. Brown relates to the fact that individuals from other races such as the Germans during the give ear of the Berlin wall also sang souls which helped them relate with the spirits. This shows the necessity of this element which was denied to the black populations in the earlier times. Brown also relates the oppression that the African Americans endured to the walls of Jericho. He states that the reason individuals during these times related to the song about Jericho was because it resembled the position they were experiencing. The African Americans were