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Protein entailmentThe Expression of a GeneThe process of Protein Synthesis involves many parts of the cell. Unlike other similar productions, this process is very(prenominal) complex and precise and in that locationfore must be done in proper sequence to work effectively. The slightest error during this process could vitrine the reach to experience bother or even fail. For example, in the production of starch, glucose molecules atomic number 18 combined to be stored and eventually utilized as usable chemical energy. The cell can break down the starch with little difficulty as if each molecule was identical, even though there is a wide variety of molecules. This is a contrary case in Protein Synthesis. In Protein Synthesis, there be twenty different amino acerbs and if one is forth of place than is will effect the specificity of the protein. In a healthy person, the protein haemoglobin can be found in red blood cells, haemoglobin is helps with the transfer of respirato ry gases from the blood to the tissues of the body. With an illness called reaping hook-cell anemia, the red blood cells argon changed from a round, disk shape to a floppy looking sickle shape. These cells therefore cannot pass through small blood vessels due to their diverging shape. The actual cause of this fluctuation is a gene disorder, where the sixth codon of the protein glutamaric acid is changed with valine. This small change in the genetic code can cause operose defects in the effected such as blood clots, severe disorders and even death. All this can result from a misinterpretation in one codon in a chain of hundreds Protein synthesis acts in this way, that is if there is only the most minuscule mistake it can have anomalous effects. THE BASICS OF DNA AND GENESProtein synthesis first begins in a gene. A gene is a section of chromosome compound of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA. separately DNA strand is composed of phosphate, the five-carbon sugar deoxyribose and nitroge nous introductions or nucleotides. on that point are four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA. They are (A)denine, (G)uanine, (T)hymine, (C)ytosine and they must be couplinged very specifically. Only Adenine with Thymine (A-T) and Guanine with atomic number 6 (G-C).To form a polynucleotide DNA, many nucleotides are linked together with 3-5 phosphodiester linkages. In a compl... ... structure of many chromosomes ( chromosomal mutations). Mutations are not always bad because they can cause adaptation and variation in people.Point Mutations and Base Pair MutationsThe most common type of mutation involves a change in only a single base pair. This change only effects a single codon of the gene. There are three types of base pair mutations silent, missense, and chain termination. Silent mutations involves the repositioning of the troika codon. This does not effect the amino acid sequence. Missense mutation is where one codon is altered to code for a different amino acid (sickle cell anemia). range termination mutations involve the codon being changes to a stop codon. This causes the protein synthesis to roost incomplete and lose most of the biological activity.Frame shift Mutations and MutagensThis is the attachment or deletion of one or more base pair but not multiples of three. This causes the ribosome to read the codon incorrectly causing and entirely different amino acid sequence. Mutagens are agents that increase the frequency of mutations. X-rays or other radiation are causes of mutagens.